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Mar 31

It is used in DNS (domain name server). The MX record of a domain is an IP number that tells a mailserver where to deliver a message. For example if you send a message to someone @microsoft.com, the message will go to a server called mail1.microsoft.com with an IP number of 131.107.3.125, because the MX of Microsoft is set to mail1. So if you, or anyone sets up a new server, you will need to set an MX for the domain to ensure that mail gets sent to the proper PC. To make matters slightly more complicated, MX usually has preferences associated with it, to allow secondary PCs to handle mail when the primary mail server is down. So, in the Microsoft example it also uses servers called mail2,mail3,mail4 and mail5 each with their own IP numbers.
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What is an MX record?
Answer:There are two types of DNS record of particular intersest to the delivery of mail, MX and A records.
Failure to set your MX records correctly will result in no (or sporadic) delivery of email to your mail server so it is essential that you sent them up correctly. Note: Setting up and configuring DNS servers is outside the scope of support provided by Gordano for GMS.
MX stands for Mail eXchange and is a particular type of DNS record that determines where any email destined for your domain should be delivered. An MX record would typically point to the fully qualified name of your mail server, which in turn must have a corresponding A record in DNS that defines the IP address of the mail server.
A records define the mapping between a fully qualified hostname and its IP address. It is this mapping that allows users to type in sensible names for your servers such as www.yourdomain.com rather than having to remember the more complex IP address assigned to that server.

A typical DNS entry for yourdomain.com may look something like IN MX 10 mail.yourdomain.com IN MX 20 mail.yourisp.commail.yourdomain.com IN A 1.2.3.4
To provide redundancy, many domains are set up to have multiple MX records as in the following example yourdomain.com IN MX 10 mail.yourdomain.com IN MX 20 mail.yourisp.commail.yourdomain.com IN A 1.2.3.4
The numbers after MX indicate the priority of that entry, the lower the number the higher the priority. So in the above exampel anyone attempting to send mail to yourdomain.com would perform an MX lookup in DNS and obtain the two results. They would first attempt to contact mail.yourdomian.com to deliver the message, and only if they fail to connect to this server would they go on and try mail.yourisp.com.
Note that in the example above there is no A record for mail.yourisp.com, this is because the A record for that server would appear in the DNS record for the domain yourisp.com
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Mar 28

1 what is the difrences btwen 2k , 2k3 and xp?
2. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF DHCP?
3. HOW DHCP CONFIGURE?
4. What is the new major feature introduced in Exchange 2003, which was not included in Exchange 2000?
5. How can you recover a deleted mail box ?
6. what is the use of ESUtil.exe ?
7. What are the port Numbers for pop3, imap, smtp port, smtp over ssl, pop3 over ssl, imap over ssl ?
8. Difference between Exchance 2003 and 2007?
9. what is RPC over Http ?
10. What is required for using RPC over Https with MS Outlook ?
11. If you have deleted the user, after you recreated the same user. How you will give the access of previous mail box ?
12. What are the prequisite for installation of Exchange Server ?
13. What is the use of NNTP with exchange ?
14. If NNTP service get stoped, what features of exchange will be effected ?
15. Which protocol is used for Public Folder ?
16. How will take backup of Active Directory ?
17. What are the content of System State backup ?
18. 1.boot process in windows nt/xp/2000/2003
19. 2.how do you configure memory dump if c:,d:,e: & paging file is configured so and so way?
20. 3.backups ? which is better, why and which to use when?
21. 4.disaster recovery plan?
22. 5.DHCP lease process
23. 6.DNS zones, chronicle records what are they?
24. 7.DHCP relay agent where to place it?
25. 8.what is active directory compared to SAM?
26. 9.what is GC? how many required for A Tree?
27. 10.what is forest?
28. 11.Group policies?
29. 12.FSMO Roles?
30. When you use ping command, how do you recognise DNS/WINS is working ?
31. What is the difference between DNS/WINS ?
32. Do you require WINS in Windows 2000 ? Explain how ?
33. What is Active Directory ?
34 You have parentdomain xyzhq.com and the childdomains INxyz and UKxyz. When you apply a group policy in parent domain zHQ as a domain level, does it applies to its child domain INxyz and UKxyz ?
35. You take a backup on Monday as FULL and Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday as Differential Backup. If your Server Crashes on Friday. Then what are the media tape required to restore the date ? Explain how ?
36. What is Global Catalog Server ?
37. Can GC Server and Infrastructure place in single server ? ifnot explain why ?
38. What is the size of log file which created before updating into ntds.dit and the total number of files ?
39. What does SYSVOL contains ?
40. Which is service in your windows is responsible for replication of Domain controller to another domain controller.
41. How data will travel between sites in ADS replication?
42. What is the port number for SMTP, Kerberos, LDAP, GC Server. ?
43. What Intrasite and Intersite Replication ?
44. What is lost & found folder in ADS ?
45. What is Garbage collection ?
46. What System State data contains ?
47. How do you restore a particular OU which deleted by accidently ?
48. What is IPSec Policy ?
49. What are different types of Group Policy ?
50. What is the order of applying Group Policy ?
51. What are the new features in Windows 2003 related to ADS, Repllication, Trust ?
52. How to edit the Schma in ADS ?
53. What is Domain Local, Global Group, Universal group ?
54. Diff between Global & Universal group ?
55. What are the different types of Terminal Services ?
56. What does mean by root DNS servers?
57. What are the different records in DNS ?
58. What is SOA records ?
59. How does the downlevel clients register it names with DNS server ?
60. What is RsOP ?
61. What is default lease period for DHCP Server?
62. What is the process of DHCP clients for getting the ip address?
63. What is multicaste ?
64. What is superscope ?
65. What is the System Startup process ?
66. What is WINS hybrid & mixed mode?
67. What is Disk Quota ?
68 .What is Active Directory?
69. What is LDAP?
70. Can you connect Active Directory to other 3rd-party Directory Services? Name a few options.
71. Where is the AD database held? What other folders are related to AD?
72. What is the SYSVOL folder?
73. Name the AD NCs and replication issues for each NC
74. What are application partitions? When do I use them
75. How do you create a new application partition
76. How do you view replication properties for AD partitions and DCs?
77. What is the Global Catalog?
78. How do you view all the GCs in the forest?
79. Why not make all DCs in a large forest as GCs?
80. Trying to look at the Schema, how can I do that?
81. What are the Support Tools? Why do I need them?
82. What is LDP? What is REPLMON? What is ADSIEDIT? What is NETDOM? What is REPADMIN? What are sites? What are they used for?
83. What’s the difference between a site link’s schedule and interval?
84. What is the KCC?
85. What is the ISTG? Who has that role by default?
86. What are the requirements for installing AD on a new server?
87. What can you do to promote a server to DC if you’re in a remote location with slow WAN link? How can you forcibly remove AD from a server, and what do you do later? • Can I get user passwords from the AD database?
88. What tool would I use to try to grab security related packets from the wire? Name some OU design considerations.
89. What is tombstone lifetime attribute?
90. What do you do to install a new Windows 2003 DC in a Windows 2000 AD?
91. What do you do to install a new Windows 2003 R2 DC in a Windows 2003 AD?
92. How would you find all users that have not logged on since last month? What are the DS* commands?
93. What’s the difference between LDIFDE and CSVDE? Usage considerations?
94. What are the FSMO roles? Who has them by default? What happens when each one fails? 95. What FSMO placement considerations do you know of?
96. I want to look at the RID allocation table for a DC. What do I do?
97. What’s the difference between transferring a FSMO role and seizing one? Which one should you NOT seize? Why?
98. How do you configure a “stand-by operation master” for any of the roles? 99. How do you backup AD?
100. How do you restore AD?
101. How do you change the DS Restore admin password?
102. Why can’t you restore a DC that was backed up 4 months ago?
103. What are GPOs?
104. What is the order in which GPOs are applied?
105 Name a few benefits of using GPMC.
106. What are the GPC and the GPT? Where can I find them?
107. What are GPO links? What special things can I do to them?
108. What can I do to prevent inheritance from above?
109. How can you determine what GPO was and was not applied for a user? Name a few ways to do that.
110. A user claims he did not receive a GPO, yet his user and computer accounts are in the right OU, and everyone else there gets the GPO. What will you look for?
111. Name some GPO settings in the computer and user parts.
112. What are administrative templates?
113. What’s the difference between software publishing and assigning?
114. Can I deploy non-MSI software with GPO?
115.You want to standardize the desktop environments (wallpaper, My Documents, Start menu, printers etc.) on the computers in one department. How would you do that?

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Mar 28

1) How to enable telnet in Windows ?
2) What are the different types of Terminal Services ?
3) What is the diff between Application mode and Administration mode ?
4) What is Licensing in Terminal Services?
5) What is FSMO roles and explain ?
6) I have a Global Catalog server in Server1, and want to make the same server as a Infrasture Master. Can i go ahead with that ? Explain.
7) How to publish a web site in IIS?
8) How to deploy a patches to the systems ?
9) What are the tools available for Patch Deployments ?
10) Difference between Differential and Incremental Backup ?
11) What is DHCP Option, Server Options?
12) How to take backup in Group Policy?
13) Which component is used for replication between the sites?
14) How to take the backup DHCP data while DHCP SERVER is running?
15) What is new features in Windows 2003 DNS?
16) What are new ADS features in 2003 ?
17) You are having high configuration server SERVER1 and additional domain controller with less configuration serv2, serv3. When the 1000 users login into their computer, all login traffic goes to serv2 and serv3. so the server serv2 and serv3 get hung. How do you redirect the logon traffic to SERVER1?
18) What is the procedure to restore the data in ADS?
19) What is the use of ntdsutil command ?
20) Which command helps to find the server for FSMO roles ?
21) What are the protocol supports for Replication ?
22) What is the expantion of .Dit ? Scalable size of NTDS in 2k3?
23) What are the partitions available in AD?
24) What are the two types of replications?
25) What is KCC ? What is the function of the KCC?
26) What are the two trust protocols 2k3 using ?
27) What are the trust relations available in 2k3?
28)What are the protocols used on replication?
29) What is the default time delay on replication?
30) What Different tables available in NTDS database?
31) Where is the FRS logs stored in and what is the database engine name?
32) What is tombstone object in AD? What is it’s life time?
33) What are the functions of GC?
34) What is Global catalog and GC server?
35) What are the domain functional levels in 2k3?
36) What is the hierarchy of applying Gpo in 2k3?
Credits:
sudhesh pnair
bangalore, karnataka, India

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Mar 28
Mar 28
Mar 28

Implementing Microsoft Internet Security and Acceleration Server 2004The Microsoft Internet Security and Acceleration (ISA) Server is truly a versatile and important component in any network. With the improvements ISA Server 2004 has over previous versions, trainer Jeremy Cioara explains that, among other benefits, “the firewall is light years ahead of any firewall that only handles port forwarding.”The modifications Microsoft has made to ISA Server since the 2000 version have changed almost everything. Some of the biggest improvements include:- deep-packet inspection of application-layer data,- multiple-network support,- unique network policies for each interface of the ISA Server 2004 firewall and- additional VPN security including the VPN Quarantine functionality, which allows you to isolate non-compliant VPN clients.- Plus, there have been huge improvements to the management interface and monitoring functions.Our ISA Server 2004 videos map to Microsoft Exam 70-350, which gives you elective credit towards both the MCSE and MCSA 2003 certifications, plus the :Security specialization. In addition to covering the exam objectives, this series gives you on-the-job skills for deploying ISA Server 2004 on your network from start-to-finish.The series also teaches you how to configure the ISA Server firewall to inspect packets down to the application-layer data and filter out hard-to-catch instant messaging and peer-to-peer file sharing applications. It even gives you a side-by-side comparison of ISA Server 2004 to competitors such as Cisco PIX and Checkpoint, so you can determine which firewall will best meet the needs of your network.Thinking about deploying ISA Server 2004? This training will give you the skills and knowledge you need.A basic understanding of Windows 2003 networking and e-mail services such as the MCSA 2003 certification and Exchange 2003 Administration training or equivalent knowledge is recommended before viewing these videos.download


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Credit :
sudhesh pnair
bangalore, karnataka, India

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Mar 06

http://techreport.com/discussions.x/14278
http://us.shuttle.com/news.aspx
http://www.foresightlinux.com/

Shuttle’s $199 Linux PC is due out soon, with some decent (albeit low-end) specs. However, rather than using Ubuntu, it looks like they’ll be using Foresight Linux and its Conary package manager.

Does a package manager *really* make that much difference, however? I argue that yes it does — Conary was created by former RPM developers, who obviously also think that RPM leaves much to be desired. I’ve never had issues with Debian’s DPKG; Conary, however, seems to transfer less data per update. Woopty do; at least its not RPM.

But, to really stand out in this suddenly-crowded field of low-cost Linux desktops, another system with a GNOME front end isn’t going to do it. Different wallpaper and theme it may have, but its still the limiting GNOME desktop and GTK/GNOME apps.

This does go to show that other, smaller Distributions can get a great connection with a hardware manufacturer, not just Ubuntu. Maybe someone will wise up and see the power and functionality of KDE. Maybe it’ll take KDE4 to really get there, unfortunately.

If a desktop came preloaded with KDE3 and then, in 1 or 2 years, a KDE4 version was available, I could see (less saavy) users paying to upgrade to the then-current release of KDE4. Foresight, huh — it sure doesn’t seem like it.

Mar 03

I love KDE, the Kool Desktop Environment. It is slick and quick and has an application for just about every need that I have; it has options and ease-of-understanding that no other Desktop Environment has. Unlike GNOME (which seems to take more and more cues from MSWindows), KDE doesn’t hide the system from the user. KDE doesn’t dumb-down for me, but nor does it demand that I set everything up manually a la Fluxbox or another minimal window manager (which are fine but not for me, at least not today nor the last 5 years). KDE is grand, and the next generation KDE4 releases will be fantastic.

At home I have been using Kubuntu for the last three releases; before that I used Mepis, and before that was SuSE Linux. At work I have been all Debian Testing for my desktop, running of course KDE. My Asus EeePC is now running Debian Testing as well, with KDE.

But none of these Linux distributions seem to really *get* KDE. Here are my gripes about these, and a few other, distros:

SuSE: I started with you back in the SuSE 8.1 days, and although you gave me Linux and helped me into this world, your RPM hell was too hellish for me. The moment I tried to add third-party multimedia apps, my system fell apart. Every time. No more of you.

Mepis: I thought Mepis (aka SimplyMepis) was a toy — it was too easy to use in comparison to the hell I was experiencing with SuSE on my other machine. I soon learned that Debian-based distros are really just that good! But over time, Mepis grew boring as I learned how customizable KDE and Linux are, and how Linux works, and I found Mepis wanting to be a refuge for Windows users. I was over that already, and I disliked the closed-source code that made up its tools. Then, after the great 3.1 release, future releases had a Kicker featuring a fishtank, and I was done with Mepis (yes, the fishtank can be removed, but really??).

Arch: I installed this on my laptop and it was fine, but I found its package list lacking. Based on Slackware GNU/Linux, it was fast, but its wifi tools were difficult and I spent too much time trying to connect to the same hotspot every Thursday. Done with you (for now, I suppose).

Kubuntu: My current home setup is Kubuntu. Pretty good selection of applications (ok, GREAT) and also based on Debian (but with painful deviations), but the interface is kinda dumbed down, I am tired of blue themes every time I install a new distro. Not your fault, I suppose, and I know that the Kubuntu development team is creating a distro via volunteers (as are most every other GNU/Linux distribution, of course). But you’re the beat-down little sibling of the corporate-driven Ubuntu, and I am tired of living in the Ubuntu shadow. Kubuntu is still the distro I recommend for Linux newbies, but its a pain trying to explain to them the difference between Kubuntu and Ubuntu, KDE and Gnome, and why some of the instructions on the forum will work, when others won’t, and how the hell are they to know the difference? As an experienced and interested geek of the Desktop Linux scene, I get it — but do new users? I fear not. Kubuntu needs to really shine, and I fear it cannot do this in its current situation. Plus, software with the *buntus is only updated every six months (bug fixes come much quicker, obviously, but generally not new major versions of software), and the updates in these six months generally require a reinstall of the whole OS and apps. Not a bad move perhaps, but not always fun either (ok, usually it is, i know…)

Debian: The great godfather of Linux, in my opinion — Debian begets all of the usable distros, but its KDE is just so vanilla. Yes, I know that the point of Free Software is to make it your own, which I invariably do, and I suppose being the largest software project in the world somewhat demands a basic setup to satisfy the most users, but I wish I could run Debian and be impressed with the out-of-the-box look. Debian Testing does, however, supply me with a steady stream of updated software, which I appreciate, but very little innovation in how the desktop looks and acts (please, tell me if i am wrong!)

Linux Mint: OK, I’ve not used this, but it is based on Ubuntu and therefor uses GNOME. So does Ubuntu Multimedia. Yeck. However, both manage to make a distro that looks stunning — this is what I want for my KDE use! I imagine soon someone will say, “well then of course, use PCLinuxOS!”

PCLinuxOS: Yes, I could use this distro, and I am eagerly awaiting the 2008 release (there is absolutly no news on its home page/news about its release though). But, even with its Synaptic package management, this is still an RPM-based distro, which I will not return to with a smile. I use Debian and Redhat on our servers at work, and guess which always is the easier to use and administer — yep, Debian with its DEB packages, and never Redhat with its RPM packages. I fear that PCLinuxOS is going to cause me pains with the RPMs, and I know that its forums are less busy, meaning I have less chance to solve issues that pop up. Also, the package list here is about 7,000 applications, far short of the *buntus, which themselves are short of the official Debian available programs (not to mention the fantastic debian-multimedia repositories). Will PCLinuxOS have all of the apps I want? Will support be as easy to find? Will third-party apps have available RPMs to install if PCLinuxOS doesn’t supply the package themselves?

Fedora: Yes, a KDE distro, but based on the pain that is Red Hat, and also RPM-based. I’ll pass for now.

In short, I want the high-quality and high-profile distribution that Ubuntu provides, without being two releases behind in the system management tools that Kubuntu seems to run. I want a great Debian-based distro that runs KDE and takes over the world — NOT a GNOME based distro that happens to supply KDE packages (*buntu); NOT a KDE-based distro that requires RPMs (PCLinuxOS); and NOT a fantastic overall distro that just happens to be kinda boring (Debian). I want a large, active community that focuses on fixing the same issues that I may be having in KDE, not in GNOME.

After checking out Kubuntu 8.04, I might move my home system to Debian, since it always is so nice at work, and probably has the largest community and the most vanilla KDE (meaning, other KDE people can help, even if they’re not Debian users). Or, I’ll find the best KDE4 community and move there, perhaps.

Basically, I want a Kanonikal.

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